There are five types of nutrients:
- carbohydrates (potatoes, bread, cereals, pasta, pulses and rice)- they give us energy
- fats (oil, butter, chorizo, cheese and nuts)- they build a store of extra energy for when we need it.
- proteins (meat, fish, eggs, nuts and milk products)- they help us grow
- vitamins and minerals (fruit and vegetables)- they help us to stay healthy
More than half of our body is water so we need to drink between 6 to 8 glasses everyday and, when we do exercise, we need to drink more.
Our diet is what we eat, and it can be healthy or unhealthy.
To be healthy we need to eat:
- a variety of food
- more of some things and less of others.
Red Group - The food on this level is unhealthy because it contains lots of salt, sugar and fats. Don´t eat it everyday, only on special occasions.
Yellow Group - The food on this level is essential but in small quantities. Eat a little of it everyday because if you eat too much it can make you overweight.
Green Group - The food on these levels are essential for good health. Eat some everyday.
What else can we do to be healthy?
To be healthy we should...
- ... rest - we should go to bed early and sleep 10 to 11 hours everyday
- ... do exercise - we should do some exercise everyday
- ... have a good hygiene - we should have a shower everyday, brush your teeth after meals and wash your hands before you eat and after you use the toilet.
- ... prevent diseases - we should cover our mouth when we cough or sneeze, visit the doctor regularly.
- ... use free time wisely - we should read, learn new things and spend time with your family and friends instead of watch TV or play videogames.
OUR DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Our digestive system helps us to get the nutrients we need from food.
1. The mouth - it has teeth that break the food into small pieces and a tongue that mixes the food with saliva so it´s easy to swallow.
2. The oesophagus - it is a long tube through which the food goes down to the stomach.
3. The stomach - it is like a bag. The food stays here for about three hours. Gastric juices turn the food into a thick liquid that leaves the stomach and goes to the small intestine.
4. The small intestine - it is a very long thin tube. Here, the nutrients pass from the thick liquid to the blood.
5. The large intestine - it is a wide tube connected to the anus. What our body doesn´t need goes along here and out through the anus when we go to the toilet.
OUR EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Our excretory system helps our bodies to get rid of excess water and waste products.
1. The kidneys - The blood goes to the kidneys and they remove excess water and waste products turning them into urine.
2. The ureters - they are long tubes where the urine goes down to the bladder.
3. The bladder - it is like a bag where the urine is collected. When it is full, it sends messages to our brain to go to the toilet.
4. The urethra - it is a short tube through which the urine goes down and leaves our body.
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