Past tense

Verb "to be"

Regular verbs

Irregular verbs

Regular and irregular

Unit 5: Diet, digestion and excretion.

Food contains the nutrients we need to live and grow.
There are five types of nutrients:
- carbohydrates (potatoes, bread, cereals, pasta, pulses and rice)- they give us energy
- fats (oil, butter, chorizo, cheese and nuts)- they build a store of extra energy for when we need it.
- proteins (meat, fish, eggs, nuts and milk products)- they help us grow
- vitamins and minerals (fruit and vegetables)- they help us to stay healthy

More than half of our body is water so we need to drink between 6 to 8 glasses everyday and, when we do exercise, we need to drink more.

Our diet is what we eat, and it can be healthy or unhealthy.

To be healthy we need to eat:

- a variety of food

- more of some things and less of others.

Red Group - The food on this level is unhealthy because it contains lots of salt, sugar and fats. Don´t eat it everyday, only on special occasions.

Yellow Group - The food on this level is essential but in small quantities. Eat a little of it everyday because if you eat too much it can make you overweight.

Green Group - The food on these levels are essential for good health. Eat some everyday.

What else can we do to be healthy?

To be healthy we should...

- ... rest - we should go to bed early and sleep 10 to 11 hours everyday

- ... do exercise - we should do some exercise everyday

- ... have a good hygiene - we should have a shower everyday, brush your teeth after meals and wash your hands before you eat and after you use the toilet.

- ... prevent diseases - we should cover our mouth when we cough or sneeze, visit the doctor regularly.

- ... use free time wisely - we should read, learn new things and spend time with your family and friends instead of watch TV or play videogames.

OUR DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Our digestive system helps us to get the nutrients we need from food.

1. The mouth - it has teeth that break the food into small pieces and a tongue that mixes the food with saliva so it´s easy to swallow.

2. The oesophagus - it is a long tube through which the food goes down to the stomach.

3. The stomach - it is like a bag. The food stays here for about three hours. Gastric juices turn the food into a thick liquid that leaves the stomach and goes to the small intestine.

4. The small intestine - it is a very long thin tube. Here, the nutrients pass from the thick liquid to the blood.

5. The large intestine - it is a wide tube connected to the anus. What our body doesn´t need goes along here and out through the anus when we go to the toilet.

OUR EXCRETORY SYSTEM

Our excretory system helps our bodies to get rid of excess water and waste products.

1. The kidneys - The blood goes to the kidneys and they remove excess water and waste products turning them into urine.

2. The ureters - they are long tubes where the urine goes down to the bladder.

3. The bladder - it is like a bag where the urine is collected. When it is full, it sends messages to our brain to go to the toilet.

4. The urethra - it is a short tube through which the urine goes down and leaves our body. 

Unit 4: Spain

Spain is in the south of Europe and it is part of the Iberian Peninsula.
It also has two archipelagos: the Canary Islands and the Balearic Islands.

Spain has borders with:
- France and Andorra in the north
- Portugal in the west

There are also seas and an ocean around Spain´s coast:
- in the north the Cantabrian Sea
- in the west and south west the Atlantic Ocean
- in the south and east the Mediterranean Sea

Spain is divided into autonomous communities. There are 17 autonomous communities and 2 autonomous cities: Ceuta and Melilla.
Each autonomous community has:
- a capital
- a flag
- a coat of arms
- an anthem

SPAIN´S RELIEF

Spain has different mountain ranges and a big plateau (an area of high flat land) in the centre called Meseta

SPAIN´S RIVERS

Spain´s most important rivers are: the Miño, the Duero, the Ebro, the Tajo, the Guadiana, the Guadalquivir, the Júcar and the Segura.

MIÑO

The source of the Miño is in Sierra de Meira and it flows into the Atlantic Ocean.

The Sil is its main tributary.

DUERO

The source of the Duero is in Picos de Urbión and it flows into the Atlantic Ocean.

The Pisuerga and the Esla are its main tributaries.

EBRO

The source of the Ebro is in Fontibre spring, in Cantabria, and it flows into the Mediterranean Sea.

The Jalón is its main tributary.

TAJO

The source of the Tajo is in Sierra de Albarracín and it flows into the Atlantic Ocean.

The Jarama is its main tributary.

GUADIANA

The source of the Guadiana is in Lagunas de Ruidera and it flows into the Atlantic Ocean.

The Zácara is its main tributary.

GUADALQUIVIR

The source of the Guadalquivir is in Sierra de Cazorla and it flows into the Atlantic Ocean.

The Genil and the Gadajoz are its main tributaries.

The source of a river is the place where it begins.

The mouth of a river is the place where it ends and flows into the sea, ocean, lake or another river.

Tributaries are smaller rivers that flow into another rivers.